The House Judiciary Committee on Monday heard closing arguments for and against President Donald Trump's impeachment, setting off a busy two weeks on Capitol Hill expected to end with a House floor vote on the charges ahead of Christmas.
As they prepare to release articles of impeachment against Trump as early as this week, Democratic lawmakers called attorneys from the House Intelligence and Judiciary committees to present evidence from the Democrats' Ukraine investigation and to argue that Trump abused his power by pressuring Ukraine to launch investigations that could benefit him politically.
Republican lawyers from the same House panels argued against Democrats' impeachment efforts and defended the president's actions toward Ukraine at the center of the impeachment inquiry.
Here is how the hearing unfolded.
Chairman Jerry Nadler adjourns the hearing close to ten hours after it began.
In his closing statement, Nadler says, "We know that President Trump has put himself before his country."
Republicans offered "not one substantive word in the president's defense," he continues.
"The fact are clear. The danger to our democracy is clear and our duty is clear," he says.
"President Trump violated his oath to the American people and placed his own private interests ahead of our national security, and constitutes a threat to our election and government.
"Such conduct is impeachable," he says as he closes.
Ranking Member Doug Collins, in his closing statement, says, "At the end of the day, the case isn't made."
"This is the first impeachment that is partisan on facts that are not agreed to," he says, referring to as an "impeachment scam" one last time.
Rep. Matt Gaetz, a Florida Republican and strong ally of the president, said Democrats were pursuing impeachment and ignoring the needs of the American people.
"The last public opinion poll showed Congress had an approval rating at about nine percent. By contrast Muammar Gaddafi had an approval rating at 13 percent, and his own people dragged him into the streets and killed him," Gaetz said, of the Libyan dictator.
"This impeachment process demonstrates the worst in us and it is depriving us the opportunity to raise our gaze and meet the needs of the American people," he said.
Rep. David Cicilline, D-R.I., followed Gaetz's remarks by defending the impeachment efforts and House Democrats' legislative record this year.
"We were also elected to hold this president accountable," he said. "That’s what we’re engaged in today."
In his line of questioning, Ranking Member Rep. Doug Collins repeatedly asked Goldman, the Democrats' investigator, to explain why Democrats sought phone records between members of Congress and journalists as part of the investigation.
The report released by the House Intelligence Committee showed multiple calls between the top Republican on that committee Rep. Devin Nunes and Rudy Giuliani.
Goldman declined to give details on how Democrats conducted the investigation.
"I am going to go on record and tell you I'm not going to reveal how we conducted this investigation," Goldman said.
Collins implied Goldman doesn't want to answer because it would incriminate himself or Schiff and that Schiff should have been the one to testify.
"You're here without a pin because your chairman will not testify. That says all we need to hear. He doesn't stand behind his report so he sends you," Collins said, referencing the pins worn by members of Congress.
Collins also referenced a part of Goldman's testimony earlier in the day when he referenced Sondland's donation to the president's inauguration, which Sondland testified was to help secure a ticket to the event. Collins noted that Goldman has donated money to Democrats.
When Goldman asked Collins what he was implying about his personal role, Rep. Matt Gaetz interjected to say "the point is, we want Mr. Schiff in that chair, not you."
Goldman asked to be given time to respond but Nadler did not interject and Collins handed over questioning to Republican Counsel Ashley Hurt Callen.
ABC News' Katherine Faulders and Benjamin Siegel in the hearing room note more fireworks during the first round of questioning.
Democratic Counsel Barry Berke has been aggressively questioning Republican Counsel Steve Castor and this time the interruption came from GOP Rep. James Sensenbrenner.
Berke was questioning Castor about Jennifer Williams, the aide to Vice President Mike Pence, calling President Trump's July 25 call with Ukraine's President Zelensky "unusual."
He accused Castor and Republicans of inaccurately representing Williams’ description of the Trump-Zelenskiy phone call, as part of a larger batch of questions casting aspersions on the GOP report.
“Do you have an explanation, sir, where you said Ms. Williams said that the call was unusual when, in fact, she said it was unusual and inappropriate and of a political nature?” Berke asked.
“We described what Ms. Williams said,” Castor replied.
“No you didn’t,” Berke shot back.
After a number of contentious exchanges with Castor, Berke has periodically returned to Goldman to underscore his points.
“Is it important to be fair to the American people to accurately report what they said?” Berke asked him before questioning Castor about Williams.
“Of course,” he replied.
Nadler then shot back and said that sharp cross examination of a witness is not badgering.
In another testy back-and-forth, Castor suggested Trump wasn't asking for a Biden investigation.
"Was the president requesting an investigation into Joe Biden?" Berke asked.
"I don't think the president was asking for an investigation into Joe Biden. It was just a comment," Castor said dismissively.
Then, questioning Goldman, Berke pointed out that Trump was prepared to discuss corruption on the call via White House talking points, but did not mention it once.
"Did he mention looking into anything other than the two investigations that were politically helpful to him, the 2016 election investigation and the investigation of his political rival, former vice President Joe Biden?" Berke asked.
"No, he did not," Goldman said.
Castor also argues that Democrats don't have a case for obstruction of justice charges against the president because the administration has released transcripts of the July 25 call and the earlier call between Trump and Zelenskiy and allowed U.S. Ambassador to the EU Gordon Sondland to testify.
Even so, the White House has refused to cooperate with the inquiry in other ways by declining to provide documents and blocking other administration officials from testifying. "The report presents a story as if the evidence is clear when, in reality, it's anything but," Castor says as he wraps up his statement.
After Castor's presentation, the committee has started the extended round of questions. Nadler and Collins, along with their counsels, will have up to 45 minutes each to question the witnesses.
Rep. Louie Gohmert, R-Texas, tried to object to the fact that Berke, who presented on behalf of the Judiciary Committee, is now seated at Nadler's side for this round pf questioning.
"I know that you don’t get to be a witness and judge in the same case," Gohmert, a former judge who has accused Democrats of orchestrating a "coup," shouted at Nadler.
"That's not a point of order," Nadler replied.
As the hearing resumes, Steve Castor is now making his second opening statement in his role representing Republicans on the House Intelligence Committee.
He's summarizing the report they produced that found no evidence the president committed an impeachable offense.
"The inquiry has returned no direct evidence that President Trump withheld a meeting or security assistance in order to pressure President Zelenskiy to investigate former Vice President Biden. Witnesses who testified in the inquiry have denied having awareness of criminal activity or even an impeachable offense," Castor says.
(MORE: House GOP lays out defense of Trump on Ukraine, says he wasn't focused on 2020)The committee is in a short recess.
ABC News' Katherine Faulders tweets out a letter from Chairman Nadler to Ranking Member Collins saying there is no need for the GOP's requested witnesses since President Trump isn’t requesting any. Nadler also says there is no need for House Intelligence Committee Chairman Adam Schiff to appear.
Even after Nadler has denied Republican requests to hold a hearing with their own witnesses, including, they're not letting go of that talking point.
During the break a new sign appeared on the Republican side of the dais with Schiff's face on a milk carton. It reads "Missing" and says "if found contact Jerry Nadler." according to Faulders and ABC's Benjamin Siegel in the hearing room.
The committee is now hearing summations of the evidence from both sides, starting with the Director of Investigations for the House Intelligence Committee, Daniel Goldman.
He'll be followed by the Republican presentation.
"We are here today because Donald J. Trump, the 45th President of the United States, abused the power of his office—the American presidency—for his personal political benefit." Goldman says.
"President Trump directed a months-long scheme to solicit foreign help in his 2020 reelection campaign, withholding official acts from the government of Ukraine in order to coerce and secure political interference in our domestic affairs," he begins. "As part of the scheme, President Trump applied increasing pressure on the president of Ukraine to publicly announce two investigations helpful to his personal reelection efforts.
"He applied this pressure himself and through his agents within and outside of the U.S. government by conditioning a desperately-sought Oval Office meeting and $391 million in taxpayer-funded, congressionally-appropriated military assistance—vital to Ukraine’s ability to fend off Russian aggression—on the announcement of political investigations helpful to his personal interests." Goldman says.
Republican Counsel Steve Castor presents the counterargument to Berke's conclusions, saying he would provide context to support that the evidence does not support Democrats' allegations.
"Overall, at best, the impeachment inquiry record is riddled with hearsay, presumptions, and speculation. There are conflicting and ambiguous facts throughout the record—facts that could be interpreted in different ways," Castor says in his opening statement.
"The record in the Democrats impeachment inquiry does not show that President Trump abused the power of his office or obstructed Congress. To impeach a president who 63 million people voted for -- over eight lines in a call transcript -- is baloney," he says.
He argues that Democrats' haven't proven Trump acted with malicious intent in his dealings with Ukraine and cited comments from President Zelenskiy that he did not feel pressured on the July 25 call.
(MORE: Amid Trump impeachment hearings, Ukrainian officials give conflicting accounts of when they learned US aid was frozen)Castor also cites testimony from legal experts last week, specifically from George Washington University Law School professor Jonathan Turley, who raised concerns Democrats are pushing for impeachment too quickly to fully build a case and pursue more information.
"The artificial and arbitrary political deadline by which Democrats are determined to finish impeachment by Christmas leads to a rushed process. And missed opportunities to obtain relevant information," Castor said.
(MORE: Experts at Trump impeachment hearing outline 'serious abuse of power')Barry Berke, the majority counsel for the Judiciary Committee, argues the evidence collected in the impeachment inquiry so far shows President Trump's behavior fits the description of "high crimes and misdemeanors" and constitutes an impeachable offense.
Berke specifically says the president abused his power, betrayed the national interest, and took actions that would compromise American elections.
"The scheme by President Trump so brazen, so clear, supported by documents, actions, sworn testimony, uncontradicted, contemporaneous records, that it's hard to imagine that anybody could dispute those acts, let alone argue that conduct does not constitute an impeachable offense or offenses. This is a big deal. President Trump did what a president of our nation is not allowed to do," he says.
ABC News' Katherine Faulders in the hearing room reports: The overwhelming theme from Democratic Counsel Berke was this: President Trump thought he got away with the Ukraine scheme. He used his powers to interfere with the investigation, but then he got caught. And his abuse of power is an impeachable offense.
Berke played multiple clips of the president, including one where Trump said: "Then I have an Article 2, where I have the right to do whatever I want as president," referring to the Constitution.
Berke said that the president's "excuse" is that the military aid to Ukraine was ultimately released but Berke argue the aid was released only "after President Trump got caught doing the scheme."
"He put his political re-election interests over the nation's national security and the integrity of its election. He did it intentionally. He did it corruptly. He abused his powers in ways that the founders feared most. No person in this country has the ability to prevent investigations and neither does the president," Berke says.
Ranking Member Rep. Doug Collins continues to attack Democrats' for pursuing a predetermined outcome in the impeachment inquiry, saying they have already decided to vote to impeach President Trump.
"For anyone to think that this was not a baked deal is not being honest with themselves," he says in his opening statement.
Collins also criticizes Intelligence Committee Chairman Adam Schiff, saying he should have to testify directly on the motivations and process behind his committee's report instead of sending staff.
Collins said he's seriously concerned about the political motivations behind the impeachment proceedings and repeated criticism from President Trump that Schiff dramatized a reading of the transcript of the July 25 call at the heart of the inquiry.
"I love this institution, but in the last three days -- over the last three or four days I have seen stuff that just bother me to no end and should bother everyone," Collins said, citing Speak Nancy Pelosi's direction to draft impeachment articles after last week's hearing.
"At the end of the day, all this is about is about a clock and a calendar. Because they can't get over the fact Donald Trump is president of the United States and they don't have a candidate that they think can beat him. It's all political. And as we have talked about before, this is a show," he adds.
As he gets back to his opening statement, Nadler cites testimony from constitutional experts from last week's hearing, setting up the Democrats' argument that President Trump's behavior exactly fulfills the type of abuse of power the framers had in mind when the laid out the process for impeachment.
"As we heard in our last hearing, the framers of the Constitution were careful students of history and clear in their vision for the new nation. They knew that threats to democracy can take many forms, that we must protect against them," Nadler says.
"The debates around the framing make clear that the most serious such offenses include abuse of power, betrayal of the nation through foreign entanglements and corruption of public office," he continues.
"Any one of these violations of the public trust would compel the members of this committee to take action. When combined, in a single course of action, they state the strongest possible case for impeachment and removal from office," he says.
(MORE: Analyzing the legal experts' arguments for and against impeaching Trump)The New York Democrat who chairs the House Judiciary Committee, Rep. Jerry Nadler, gavels the hearing into session at 9:08 a.m.
Republicans raise an objection within seconds of Nadler beginning his opening statement, setting the stage for more objections to come.
A protester starts shouting from the back of the room, interrupting Nadler: "Jerry Nadler, you're the one committing treason" and "We voted for Donald Trump." Capitol Police quickly remove him.
ABC's Benjamin Siegel in the hearing room identifies the protester as Infowars host Owen Shroyer.
The hearing is set to begin at 9 a.m. but relatively few committee members are in the room.
Republicans have set up a large sign with the words "Where's Adam?" in white letters against a black background, signaling their displeasure that House Intelligence Committee Chairman Adam Schiff will not be testifying as they wanted. They have repeatedly accused him of lying about whether he knew and coordinated with the intelligence community whistleblower who triggered the impeachment probe.
ABC's Mary Bruce reports this might the last chance Democrats have to persuade the American public on such a nationally-televised scale before a vote on articles of impeachment.
ABC's Benjamin Siegel and Allison Pecorin report a Democratic official told reporters over the weekend that Democrats intend to use this hearing to make their "theory of the case" against President Donald Trump and his abuse of power.
Democrats, according to the official, plan to argue today that Trump's use of his office for personal political gain ahead of the election represents the "framers' nightmare," by acting in a way that "betrays our national security and corrupts our elections using a foreign power."
They will argue that Trump's actions were part of a "repeated pattern," and that the Ukraine episode is important because it represents a "future pattern," highlighting the urgency of moving quickly to impeach the president ahead of the 2020 election.
As members start to take their seats in the hearing room, ABC News Senior Congressional Correspondent Mary Bruce reports House Speaker Nancy Pelosi is facing a difficult challenge making the final call on how broad articles of impeachment will be.
She says Pelosi has to be especially mindful of the views of Democrats in swing districts.
GOP Rep. Debbie Lesko of Arizona, a member of the House Judiciary Committee, tells ABC News' Tom Llamas that there is no evidence of any impeachable conduct, that Democrats can't point to any "crimes committed."
"This whole thing has been a farce," she says.
Democratic members and aides spent the weekend in Washington preparing for the upcoming hearings. Judiciary Committee Democratic staff also released a report highlighting the historical and legal arguments behind their impeachment efforts against Trump.
(MORE: Democrats plot week ahead for impeachment proceedings against Donald Trump)On Saturday, they huddled with Harvard Law School professor and constitutional scholar Laurence Tribe, who's been advising the caucus throughout the impeachment process. They also prepared for the upcoming hearing in the stately Longworth Office Building hearing room, which has hosted weeks of public impeachment proceedings.
Working with committee and leadership staff behind closed doors, they prepared their questions for Monday's hearing, with former Hill staffers playing the roles of committee Republicans, according to sources familiar with the preparations.
They also discussed the potential charges against Trump, which they're expected to introduce and approve in the Judiciary Committee later this week.
(MORE: Trump to Democrats: 'If you are going to impeach me, do it now, fast')"We need to make it clear within those articles that there is a pattern of conduct here, that Ukraine was the most egregious example of the president abusing his office while he was president of the United States, shaking down a foreign nation to interfere in our elections," Rep. Pramila Jayapal, D-Wash., said Sunday. "We need to be focused, we need to be clear, we need to present the best possible case if we are moving in this direction."
In an interview with CNN Sunday, House Judiciary Committee Chairman Jerry Nadler, D-N.Y., did not commit to including evidence of obstruction of justice from special counsel Robert Mueller's report in the forthcoming articles.
"We have a very rock-solid case," Nadler said on CNN's "State of the Union" on Sunday. "I think the case we have, if presented to a jury, would be a guilty verdict in about three minutes flat."
(MORE: Key takeaways on the House Judiciary Committee's 1st hearing on Trump's impeachment)House Republicans are expected to argue that the Democrats' case falls short, that they lack sufficient firsthand evidence to conclusively charge Trump with abusing his power and undermining U.S. national security in his dealings with Ukraine.
In requests for additional witnesses and information, they have outlined a potential GOP strategy for a Senate impeachment trial that could focus on former Vice President Joe Biden's son Hunter and his business dealings in Ukraine, as well as the intelligence community whistleblower behind the complaint that sparked the impeachment inquiry.
ABC News' Soo Rin Kim contributed to this report.